Discover how to obtain Spanish citizenship (nationality) by residence, the most common and straightforward pathway for foreigners legally living in Spain.
1) Introduction
Spanish citizenship by residence (nationality by residence) is one of the most straightforward ways to become a Spanish citizen. This process rewards foreigners who have legally and continuously resided in the country for a sufficient period of time.
2) What is Citizenship by Residence?
It is a legal process through which foreigners living in Spain can obtain Spanish citizenship after fulfilling the required residency period and other eligibility criteria.
3) Key Features of Citizenship by Residence
- Pathway from residence to Spanish citizenship.
- Residency period ranges from 1 to 10 years depending on circumstances.
- Applicants must demonstrate integration into Spanish society.
- Includes exams (CCSE, DELE) for language and cultural knowledge.
4) Requirements to Apply
- Minimum residency: Between 1 and 10 years, depending on your personal situation.
- Exams: Passing the CCSE and/or DELE tests.
- Clean criminal record: No criminal background in Spain or in your country of origin.
- Required documents: Application form, valid passport, criminal record certificate, birth certificate, registration certificate, proof of legal residence, and NIE/residence card.
5) Application Process
- Step 1: Meet residency requirements: Ensure you have the minimum legal stay required.
- Step 2: Prepare documents: Gather all official paperwork and translations if needed.
- Step 3: Pass exams: Take the CCSE and/or DELE exams.
- Step 4: Submit application: File your application with supporting documents.
- Step 5: Await resolution: Processing can take months or more than a year.
6) Benefits of Spanish Citizenship
- No more residency renewals.
- Freedom of movement within the Schengen area.
- Ability to pass citizenship to your children.
- Access to public sector jobs and exams.
- Right to reside and work across the EU.
- Right to vote in Spanish elections.
- Easier family reunification.
- Spouse can obtain citizenship after 1 year of residence.
7) Long-Term Perspective
Unlike residency permits, citizenship is permanent. Once granted, you will not need to renew your status regularly.
- Permanent Spanish citizenship.
- EU citizenship rights guaranteed.
This represents the most secure and long-term status for foreigners in Spain.
8) Responsibilities of Citizenship
Becoming a Spanish citizen comes with significant rights and obligations.
- Right to vote in all elections.
- Full legal obligations as a Spanish citizen.
- Possibility of losing citizenship only under exceptional conditions (fraud, dual nationality conflicts).
9) Opportunities After Citizenship
- Work across the EU
- Study with EU student benefits
- Access to healthcare and pensions
- Eligibility for public sector jobs
10) Citizenship by Residence vs. Other Paths
- By Residence: Based on legal stay in Spain.
- By Marriage: Faster process after 1 year of marriage and residence.
- By Origin: For those with Spanish parents or ancestry.
11) Our Services for Your Citizenship Process
Legal Assistance
- Document preparation
- Exam guidance
- Application submission
Why Choose Us?
We simplify your citizenship process, reduce waiting times, and increase approval chances with professional support from start to finish.
FAQs
What is citizenship by residence in Spain?
It is a process allowing foreigners to obtain Spanish citizenship after legally residing in Spain for a specified period of time.
How long do I need to reside in Spain?
Generally, 10 years. Exceptions apply: 2 years for Ibero-American countries and 1 year for spouses of Spanish citizens.
Can I apply if I have a criminal record?
No. A clean criminal record is mandatory in Spain and in your home country.
How long does the process take?
Processing usually takes several months, sometimes over a year.
Can I lose Spanish citizenship obtained by residence?
Yes, but only under exceptional cases such as fraud or legal conflicts with dual nationality.
